Dubai Real Estate Guide: Market Insights and Trends

Intro

Navigating the real estate market in Dubai can feel like trying to sail through uncharted waters. With the city’s rapid development and ever-evolving landscape, understanding the nuances becomes crucial for anyone looking to invest, whether they are first-time buyers or seasoned investors. In this guide, we will lay a solid foundation for comprehending the property market dynamics in Dubai, offering insights into lucrative investment opportunities, neighborhood trends, and the various factors that influence buying and selling properties.

To set the stage, it’s essential to acknowledge the unique characteristics and legal frameworks governing real estate in Dubai. This article aims to provide an exhaustive overview of the current market environment while exploring key aspects that influence real estate investments, including property types, financing options, and the prevailing trends that shape this vibrant metropolis.

From the glossy skyscrapers of Dubai Marina to the burgeoning communities in Dubai South, each area possesses its own charm and investment potential. As we delve into the specifics of this guide, we hope to equip readers with the knowledge to make informed decisions in this dynamic market.

Property Trends in Dubai

Emerging Neighborhoods and Hotspots

Dubai is not just a city; it’s an architectural marvel, a cultural melting pot, and an economic powerhouse. Recently, neighborhoods that once flew under the radar are now gaining traction among investors eager to find the next hot spot. Areas like Jumeirah Village Circle and Dubai Hills Estate have surged in popularity, driven by their attractive pricing and robust community features.

Key Factors Fueling Growth:

Infrastructure Development: New road networks and public transport systems enhance accessibility.
Community Amenities: Parks, schools, retail spaces, and healthcare facilities create an appealing living environment.

Investors should keep an eye on these emerging neighborhoods, which offer high potential returns as demand scales up. Future infrastructure projects, such as the Expo 2020 site transformation, are expected to further elevate the attractiveness of these areas.

Market Analysis and Future Predictions

The Dubai real estate market has seen its fair share of ups and downs. After a period of correction post-2014, it’s showing signs of stabilization. Analysts predict a modest recovery, particularly in the luxury segment, buoyed by international demand. Essential aspects to consider include:

Rental Yields: Dubai boasts some of the highest rental yields in the region, often exceeding 7%.
Market Sentiment: Positive governmental policies, particularly in visa reforms and foreign ownership laws, are encouraging international buyers to invest.

"Dubai's real estate market operates on global trends, requiring investors to keep their ear to the ground, always assessing both local and international influences."

The future appears bright, with ongoing innovations and a steady influx of expatriates seeking to settle in this cosmopolitan city.

Investment Opportunities

High-ROI Property Types

When it comes to property investment in Dubai, certain types consistently yield higher returns than others. Here’s a breakdown of what to consider:

Off-Plan Properties: These often come at a lower initial cost and, once completed, can appreciate significantly.
Luxury Developments: High-end properties in distinguished locales like Downtown Dubai cater to affluent buyers.
Commercial Real Estate: This sector is witnessing growth, especially in co-working spaces as businesses adapt to new operational norms.

Financing and Mortgage Options

Understanding the financing landscape is essential for making sound investments. Options have diversified to accommodate varying needs:

Local Banks: Institutions like Emirates NBD and Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank offer competitive mortgage rates tailored for expatriates and locals alike.
Developer Financing: Many developers provide in-house financing options, making it easier for buyers to enter the market.
Islamic Finance: For those seeking Sharia-compliant options, banks like Dubai Islamic Bank offer financial products that align with Islamic law.

In summary, knowing the types of properties that offer the best returns and the various financing options available can significantly enhance an investor’s position in Dubai’s real estate market. This guide aims to empower stakeholders with the knowledge required to navigate this vibrant and burgeoning landscape effectively.

Prolusion to Dubai's Real Estate Market

Dubai’s real estate market stands as a vibrant pillar in the region's economy, attracting not only local investors, but also a slew of international buyers, eager to capitalize on the city’s growth. The allure lies in more than just picturesque skylines and luxury villas; it’s an intricate web of investments, opportunities, and evolving dynamics that continuously reshape the landscape. In this introduction, we unpack the significance of understanding Dubai’s property market and highlight what one can expect from this comprehensive guide.

The importance of this topic stems from Dubai’s unique position as a global hub. With a strategic location connecting East and West, the emirate has become a melting pot for various cultures and investments. Furthermore, the real estate sector has become a significant driving force for the city’s economic diversification efforts, moving beyond traditional oil revenues. It's essential for investors to grasp everything from market trends to legalities in order to navigate this fascinating environment successfully.

Key elements to consider include:

Diverse Investment Opportunities: The market is not just about luxury properties; it also includes affordable housing, commercial real estate, and off-plan projects. Each segment has its own unique appeal and potential returns.
Rapid Development: With ongoing projects like The Dubai Creek Tower and Expo 2020's aftermath, the city’s face is ever-changing. Recognizing these developments can be advantageous for strategic investments.
Market Sentiment: Understanding both local and international buyer sentiment can provide insights into shifting trends and potential risks.
Regulatory Landscape: An intricate legal framework governs property transactions in Dubai. Grasping these regulations can aid investors in ensuring compliant and secure investments.

For trainees and veterans alike, being well-acquainted with these aspects is crucial. Investors who overlook the unique characteristics of Dubai’s market may find themselves outpaced by more informed buyers. Whether one aims to purchase a luxury villa in Jumeirah or invest in emerging neighborhoods, this guide is set to furnish you with the insights you need.

In summary, understanding Dubai's real estate market is not just beneficial; it’s essential for anyone looking to tap into the wealth of opportunities that this dynamic city has to offer. Regardless of your experience level or investment goals, navigating this landscape requires a well-rounded knowledge base. Dive into the sections ahead to grasp the intricacies of the Dubai real estate market and ensure your investments are grounded in informed decisions.

Understanding the Market Dynamics

Understanding the dynamics of Dubai's real estate market is akin to getting the pulse of a vibrant city that continually evolves. This segment of the article aims to shed light on the intertwining factors that influence property values, buyer behavior, and investment strategies. Market dynamics plays a crucial role in helping both investors and homebuyers navigate the complexities of the real estate landscape, ensuring smart decisions are made, even in a fast-paced environment.

A few pertinent factors come into play when grappling with these dynamics:

Market Cycles: Properties usually experience cycles of growth and decline, impacting everything from pricing to availability.
Buyer Sentiment: The emotions and psychological trends of buyers swing perceptions of value and desirability.
Global Events: External factors, such as natural disasters or political movements, can have profound effects on local market conditions.

Grasping these aspects not only aids in honing investment strategies but also assists in making informed choices that align with personal or corporate goals.

Magnificent دليل دبي: Insights into the Real Estate Market

Current Trends in Property Prices

As of late 2023, property prices in Dubai show fascinating trends marked by recovery and steady growth post-pandemic. In popular areas, such as Dubai Marina and Downtown Dubai, luxury residences have seen hefty price increases, primarily fueled by demand from expatriates and high-net-worth individuals. For instance, some luxury units have seen a sellout over a matter of weeks, reflecting a robust market appetite.

Conversely, some areas, like Dubai South, are experiencing a slower price recovery. Investors must stay attentive to these fluctuations by keeping tabs on the latest property reports and market studies.

Price Growth: According to recent statistics from local market reports, there is an average increase of around 5-10% in property prices.
Luxury vs. Affordable Housing: While luxury villas attract significant investments, affordable housing still appeals to a broad section of the population.

In understanding these price trends, potential buyers and investors can adjust their strategies accordingly, ensuring they don't miss out on favorable opportunities.

Supply and Demand Factors

Supply and demand remain the cornerstone of real estate analysis, especially in a city like Dubai, which is characterized by a fluctuating but growing populace. As more people move to the UAE for its vibrant lifestyle and career opportunities, demand for housing has surged significantly.

Here are a few specifics:

New Developments: Continual new project launches keep stock levels fluctuating. Areas that see high construction rates, such as Dubai Hills Estate, often feel pressures from both excess supply and high demand at different price points.
Foreign Investment: Dubai continues to attract overseas investors, further fueling demand and leading to a rise in property values.
Rental Markets: Higher demand has pushed rental rates upward, creating a fruitful avenue for investors interested in generating passive income.

Investors need to be vigilant of these supply-demand dynamics to seize profitable opportunities and mitigate risks.

Impact of Global Events

The influence of global events on Dubai's real estate market cannot be overstated. Events such as the ongoing geopolitical strains or the fluctuations in oil prices can significantly sway investor confidence and consumer behavior. For instance, the COVID-19 pandemic initially dampened the market, but as restrictions eased, there was an evident resurgence in both local and foreign investments.

Some impacting factors include:

Economic Recovery: The broader economic trends, such as a global economic recovery post-pandemic, can lead to an influx of investments into Dubai's real estate landscape.
Sustainability Initiatives: Global conversations around sustainability have pushed developers in Dubai to focus on eco-friendly construction practices, enhancing the city's appeal to socially conscious investors.

In evaluating property investment in Dubai, understanding how these external events affect market conditions is imperative for crafting long-term investment strategies.

Types of Real Estate Investments

In the vibrant landscape of Dubai's real estate market, understanding the different types of investments available is crucial for both new and seasoned investors. Investing in real estate isn’t just about buying any piece of property; it's about recognizing opportunities and making informed choices that can shape your financial future. These investments can vary widely from residential homes to commercial properties, each with unique attributes and potential returns. By categorizing the types of real estate investments, one can better navigate the complexities of market choices and find what suits their investment strategy most effectively.

Residential Properties

Luxury Villas

Luxury villas in Dubai represent the pinnacle of residential real estate. The appeal here lies not just in opulence but also in the allure of living in well-crafted homes that offer space, privacy, and stunning views. One of the key characteristics distinguishing luxury villas is their location; most are situated in premium spots such as Emirates Hills or Palm Jumeirah, attracting affluent buyers and renters.

A unique feature of these properties is the lifestyle they promise, which often includes access to exclusive amenities like private pools, gyms, and gardens. However, they come with high maintenance costs and require a deeper understanding of the luxury market. For investors, while the upfront costs can be steep, the long-term appreciation potential often compensates for those initial expenditures.

Affordable Housing

Affordable housing in Dubai is becoming increasingly critical, especially given the city's rapid population growth and influx of expatriates. Generally defined as properties available at lower price points, affordable housing serves a broad demographic looking for safe, quality living conditions without a hefty price tag.

An essential characteristic of this segment is its demand stability; regardless of market fluctuations, people always need a basic place to live. Affordable housing often comes with fewer frills compared to luxury options but benefits from a high occupancy rate, providing steady rental income. Unique features include community aspects and proximity to public transport, making them an attractive choice for first-time investors or those seeking reliable passive income. That said, the returns may not be as impressive as luxurious developments, so investors must consider their overall strategy.

Apartment Complexes

Apartment complexes are another substantial component of Dubai's residential market. These properties often consist of multiple rental units and cater to a variety of tenant needs, from single professionals to families. The primary characteristic is their versatility, offering various unit sizes and housing options within one development.

The appeal lies in the potential for economies of scale; owning an entire complex can mean lower management costs per unit and stable cash flow. Unique features might include shared amenities like pools, gyms, and recreational areas, attracting a broad tenant base. However, investors should be mindful of the market saturation in certain areas, ensuring they choose locations with ongoing demand for rental properties.

Commercial Properties

Retail Spaces

Retail spaces in Dubai are central to the commercial real estate sector, driven by the city's role as a shopping destination. Often located in busy areas, these properties provide essential visibility to businesses, making them a royal choice for investors looking for steady cash flow from leasing to retailers.

The vital aspect here is foot traffic; the more people passing through, the better the chances for retail businesses to thrive, which translates to lucrative leasing opportunities. An unique feature is the range of investment options, from small shops to large shopping malls. However, demand can fluctuate with economic changes, and landlords may face longer vacancy periods during downturns, posing a risk for those less experienced in commercial investments.

Office Buildings

Office buildings are a significant part of Dubai's commercial real estate market, especially as the city continues to attract global businesses. The key characteristic of these properties is their capacity to generate considerable income through long-term leases; many companies prefer stability over short-term rentals.

Investing in office spaces offers potential benefits, including corporate clients that are typically less prone to vacate compared to retail tenants. Unique features like flexible layouts and advanced tech infrastructures often make these spaces more appealing. Nonetheless, shifts in working patterns—such as remote work trends—might impact demand, suggesting investors should keep a pulse on global workplace trends as part of their strategy.

Industrial Real Estate

Industrial real estate in Dubai covers a range of facilities, including warehouses, distribution centers, and manufacturing plants. The rising e-commerce sector highlights the importance of logistics and storage, which makes industrial properties an increasingly attractive investment option.

Notable دليل دبي: Insights into the Real Estate Market

A key aspect of this sector is location; being near transportation networks can dramatically increase a property’s desirability. Unique features such as large spaces for machinery or strategic proximity to ports can significantly enhance the investment's value. However, potential investors should consider the economic cycle and its impact on manufacturing industries, ensuring they align their investment with market demand.

Off-Plan Properties

Investing in off-plan properties can be a gamble, but it often offers significant rewards in the long run. Essentially, these are properties that are purchased before construction is completed. The allure lies in the lower prices at which they are offered, with the expectation that the property's value will increase upon completion. Off-plan products allow investors to enter the market at a lower capital commitment, offering the chance for substantial value appreciation.

However, risks include completion delays or market fluctuations that can impact the final value upon delivery. Ensuring a strong developer reputation and thorough research can mitigate these risks, making off-plan purchases a viable option for the savvy investor.

Neighborhood Exploration

Exploring neighborhoods is an essential part of understanding Dubai's real estate market. Each locality holds its unique charm, characteristics, and opportunities for potential investors. Knowing the different areas allows investors to make informed decisions based on their preferences and objectives. Whether considering purchase, rental, or long-term investments, recognizing the nuances of each neighborhood can significantly affect returns and personal satisfaction.

Popular Areas for Investors

Dubai Marina

Dubai Marina stands out as a vibrant waterfront community extending along a stunning man-made canal. The key characteristic that attracts many is its lifestyle—residents enjoy a blend of recreational activities, dining, and stunning views. The bustling promenade is lined with cafes, fitness options, and easy access to public transportation. The unique feature of Dubai Marina is its proximity to the sea, with many properties offering incredible waterfront views.

Advantages: High demand for rental properties due to its appeal to expatriates and tourists, meaning great ROI.
Disadvantages: Property prices can be on the costly side, creating barriers for some investors.

Downtown Dubai

Downtown Dubai is often seen as the heart of the city, defined by the iconic Burj Khalifa and the Dubai Mall. This area embodies luxury and sophistication, appealing to high-end investors looking for exceptional properties. The high foot traffic drawn in by entertainment and shopping options also strengthens property values. A defining characteristic is its architectural marvels that create a stunning skyline.

Advantages: Strong rental market bolstered by tourists and corporate renters, ensuring steady income for property owners.
Disadvantages: The market can be volatile, showing sharp price fluctuations, especially during economic shifts.

Jumeirah Beach Residence

Jumeirah Beach Residence brings together beachfront living with urban conveniences. It attracts families and young professionals looking for lifestyle amenities within walking distance. The allure of beachfront access and resort-style living often makes it a prime choice for both locals and expats seeking leisure. The unique attributes of Jumeirah Beach Residence include a vibrant beach walk and proximity to some of Dubai's best dining options.

Advantages: The area boasts high rental yields thanks to its desirability.
Disadvantages: Prices for properties can be steep due to its reputation and prime location.

Emerging Neighborhoods

Dubai South

Dubai South is shaping up to be a significant player in Dubai's real estate market, particularly with the ongoing developments linked to the Expo 2020 site. This area focuses on sustainability and modern living, appealing to investors looking for long-term growth potential. A key feature is its planned future infrastructure which includes residential and commercial spaces that are conducive for various types of living and business.

Advantages: Growth potential is high, making it an attractive market for early investors.
Disadvantages: While developers are investing, immediate returns may take longer compared to established areas.

Silicon Oasis

Silicon Oasis represents a tech-focused community that appeals to investors interested in Dubai's technology and innovation sectors. It houses various tech companies and offers affordable residential options. A significant characteristic of Silicon Oasis is its vision for creating a smart city. Amenities include parks and recreational areas, aimed at providing a balanced lifestyle in a business hub.

Advantages: Affordable pricing compared to other neighborhoods, leading to lower entry costs for potential homeowners or investors.
Disadvantages: Development is ongoing, which may lead to construction disturbances in the short term.

Dubai Hills Estate

Dubai Hills Estate is a master-planned community that combines urban living with nature. It showcases parks, walking paths, and a golf course, creating a serene atmosphere for families. The defining feature of this neighborhood is its emphasis on green spaces and community-driven living. Potential owners look for these attributes, as they provide both luxury and tranquility within city limits.

Advantages: Strong appeal for families, which can drive property values upward.
Disadvantages: Development is still in progress, so there may be a lack of immediate amenities and services esteemed by residents.

In summary, understanding the diverse neighborhoods within Dubai is crucial for making savvy investments in the real estate market. Investors should consider not only current trends but also future growth potential of the areas discussed above.

Legal Framework

Navigating the real estate market in Dubai necessitates an understanding of the legal framework governing property ownership and transactions. This framework is crucial for ensuring that both domestic and international investors can operate within a well-defined set of rules. Having knowledge of the laws not only facilitates smoother transactions but also protects investors from potential pitfalls.

Buying Process for Foreign Nationals

Foreigners aiming to invest in Dubai's real estate market will find that the buying process is relatively straightforward but requires attention to specific regulations. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of how it generally works:

Identify the Property: Prospective buyers typically start by identifying properties that meet their investment criteria, whether it’s residential, commercial, or off-plan options.
Contracting with a Real Estate Agent: It's advisable to engage with a registered real estate agent in Dubai. This not only aids in navigating the market but also ensures compliance with local practices.
Drafting the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU): Once a property is chosen, both parties need to sign the MOU, outlining the terms of the sale, including the purchase price, payment methods, and deadlines.
Deposit Payment: Buyers usually pay a deposit, typically ranging from 5% to 10% of the purchase price. This deposit is held in escrow until the final transaction.
Finalizing the Sale: After securing financing (if needed), the buyer will work towards obtaining a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the developer before registering the property with the Dubai Land Department.
Transfer of Ownership: The final step involves the transfer of ownership at the Dubai Land Department, where the remaining payment is made and ownership is officially registered in the buyer’s name.

It’s worth noting that foreign individuals can own property in designated areas, primarily freehold zones, enhancing their investment potential in the city.

Property Ownership Laws

Dubai's property ownership laws provide a framework that encourages foreign investment while protecting local regulations. One of the key aspects of these laws is the distinction between freehold and leasehold ownership:

Freehold Ownership: This type of ownership allows investors to own the property and the land on which it stands. Most commonly available in areas like Dubai Marina and Downtown Dubai, freehold properties provide full control and rights over the property, enhancing its investment appeal.
Leasehold Ownership: Conversely, leasehold ownership involves holding property rights for a specified period (often 99 years), after which the rights revert to the freeholder. This arrangement is more typical in areas outside prime locations.

دليل دبي: Insights into the Real Estate Market Summary

The laws also stipulate that properties cannot be registered unless all payments and necessary paperwork have been verified. This level of regulation ensures a stable investment climate, fostering confidence among buyers.

Important Regulations for Agents

Real estate agents in Dubai play a pivotal role in the buying and selling process, acting as intermediaries between buyers and sellers. However, they are subject to a series of regulations that govern their operations:

Registration with RERA: All real estate agents must be registered with the Real Estate Regulatory Agency (RERA) and obtain a license. This ensures that agents adhere to professional standards.
Code of Ethics: Agents are expected to follow a strict code of ethics that promotes transparency and integrity in their dealings. This includes honest disclosure of property histories and market conditions.
Continuing Education: RERA requires agents to pursue ongoing education to stay updated with market trends and legal changes. This continuous professional development protects both the agents' reputation and the clients they serve.

"Understanding the legal framework is not merely a formality; it is the foundation upon which successful investments are built."

Financing and Mortgages

In the vibrant realm of Dubai's real estate, understanding the ins and outs of financing and mortgages is truly essential. This topic isn’t merely a footnote in the grand narrative; it serves as a linchpin that can either unlock doors to dream homes or crack the foundation of investments. With property prices and types varying as per location and market conditions, having a grasp of financial options can empower investors with confidence. Navigating this landscape matters greatly for homeowners, agents, and dealers alike, as it can significantly influence purchasing decisions.

Types of Mortgages Available

When diving into the types of mortgages available in Dubai, it’s clear that options are plentiful and can cater to a variety of financial needs. The most common mortgage types include:

Fixed-Rate Mortgages: These loans have interest rates that remain unchanged over the entire loan term. This predictability can help in budgeting since your monthly payments won’t change, allowing you to plan your finances effectively.
Variable-Rate Mortgages: Unlike fixed rates, these can fluctuate with market interest rates. This means they can either save you money or cost you more, depending on how rates change over time.
Islamic Mortgages: Sharia-compliant alternatives that promote ethical investment. They often involve profit-sharing or leasing arrangements, making them attractive for many buyers in the region.

Each of these types presents unique advantages and challenges. Understanding which suits your situation can make all the difference in achieving financial stability.

Understanding Interest Rates

The crux of financing often revolves around interest rates. They are the cost of borrowing money and can heavily influence your overall investment. Lenders in Dubai commonly offer competitive rates, but this doesn’t mean buyers should jump into the first deal that pops up. It pays to keep a pulse on trends:

Fixed Rates tend to be lower when the economy is stable, but they can inch upwards during inflation.
Variable Rates can start low but may rise quickly if central banks adjust their policies.

Therefore, fully understanding these mechanics can protect you from unwelcome surprises down the line. A smart investor keeps an eye on macroeconomic factors and their likely effects on lending rates.

Calculating Affordability

Before you sign on the dotted line, calculating affordability becomes paramount. It’s not just about what you can borrow but also what you can repay without stress. Here are a few considerations:

Income Level: Factor in all sources of income, including salary, rental income, and investments to get a true picture of your financial muscle.
Debt-to-Income Ratio: Lenders typically look for a ratio below 43%. This means your monthly debts shouldn’t exceed this percentage of your gross monthly income.
Deposit Size: A larger down payment can reduce your loan amount and, potentially, your interest rate. Most banks in Dubai prefer a minimum of 20% of the property's value as a deposit.

In the end, setting a clear budget based on these factors helps potential buyers avoid the trap of overextending themselves.

"A thoughtful approach to financing can ultimately determine the success of your real estate venture in Dubai, laying the groundwork for both present enjoyment and future growth."

For further insights into the nuances of mortgages in Dubai, you can explore resources such as Wikipedia or Britannica.

Investment Strategies

Investment strategies play a crucial role in determining success in the Dubai real estate market. The ever-evolving landscape of property values, project developments, and investor demands requires a keen understanding of various methodologies to maximize returns. Whether you’re a first-time buyer or a seasoned property mogul, having a well-defined investment strategy not only minimizes risks but also enhances the potential for significant gains. This section will delve into diverse strategies, offering insights into both long-term and short-term investments, portfolio diversification, and how to effectively assess return on investment (ROI).

Long-Term vs Short-Term Investments

When diving into real estate, investors often grapple with the decision of opting for long-term or short-term investments. Each carries its distinct advantages and challenges. Long-term investments often involve purchasing properties and holding them for several years, benefiting from rental income and appreciating asset value. In Dubai, where property values can appreciate significantly, this approach has its merits.

Conversely, short-term investments, often classified as flipping, entail buying properties, making necessary renovations, and reselling them for a profit within a few months. This strategy relies heavily on current market conditions and consumer demand. One must approach this method with caution, as the real estate market can be fickle.

Some key considerations include:

Understanding market cycles and timing your purchase.
Evaluating property location, as prime areas tend to yield higher appreciation.
Potential cash flow from rentals for long-term holds versus immediate profits from short-term flips.

"Investors should define their financial goals clearly to determine which strategy aligns with their objectives."

Diversifying Your Portfolio

Diversification can be the name of the game in any investment strategy, especially in real estate. Relying solely on one property type can expose an investor to unnecessary risks. By spreading investments across different property types and locations, investors can mitigate potential losses during market downturns.

In Dubai, one could consider:

Residential sectors such as apartments and villas in varying price ranges.
Commercial properties, which can deliver higher yields but often require more management.
Industrial real estate, which can be an emerging niche in the growing economy.

Apart from property types, location diversification is crucial. Investing in both established neighborhoods and emerging areas can help balance risk and gain exposure to different market dynamics.

Understanding ROI in Real Estate

Return on Investment (ROI) is a fundamental concept that every investor in the Dubai real estate market should grasp. It serves as a yardstick to measure the profitability of your investments. A clear understanding of ROI not only guides purchasing decisions but also helps in evaluating property performance over time.

To calculate ROI, you could follow a straightforward formula:

plaintext ROI = (Net Profit / Cost of Investment) x 100

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